钱钟书与读书笔记

[dvnews_page]<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">已故的著名学者、作家钱钟书，被誉为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文化昆仑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。其《谈艺录》、《管锥编》《宋诗选注》等学术著作，援引的参考书目数以万计，且涵盖了文、史、哲、心理学等多门学科。有趣的是，他自己的藏书却很少，他的书斋中有两三个不大的书架，放着一些工具书和出版社、作者赠送给他的书籍。他藏书不多，著书却不少，这当中博览图书馆书籍时所作的大量的读书笔记发挥了重要作用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">读书须作笔记，钱钟书开始并不以为然。他在清华大学读书时，自恃有过目不忘的记忆力，连课堂上听讲都不作笔记，更不屑于课外读书作笔记。他进清华后虽立志</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">横扫清华图书馆</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，看书时却只在书上用铅笔写划，并不作笔记。他的同学饶余威在《清华的回忆》一文中写到钱书时说：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他自己喜欢读书，也鼓励别人读书。他还有一个怪癖，看书时喜欢用又黑又粗的铅笔划下佳句，又在书旁加上他的评语，清华藏书中的画线和评语大都是出自此君之手笔。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钱钟书在清华，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宋以后集部殆无不过目</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，毕业后到上海光华大学任教时，在备课、写文章的实践中，方认识到读书单凭记忆是不行的，遂开始读书必作笔记，并养成了良好的习惯。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钱钟书的读书笔记本很厚，有普通练习本的四倍，上面写得密密麻麻，有中文，也有英文，别人很难看懂。他每读一书，都作笔记，摘出精华，指出谬误，写下心得。他很珍重自己的读书笔记，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文革</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期间，他曾被下放到河南</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">干校劳动，行李箱里也忘不了放上几本字典、词典和读书笔记，一有空便反刍似地阅读。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他著书时，主要是参考读书笔记。从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1939</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1942</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年完成的颇有影响的文艺理论著作《谈艺录》，为何采用了传统诗话的札记式的写法？其原因就在于利用读书笔记之便。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1956</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，钱钟书接受了编写《宋诗选注》的任务之后，到北大图书馆和社科院文研所图书馆借到大批有关宋诗的书籍，诸如《宋诗纪事》、《宋诗钞补》、《宋诗钞续补》及各种宋人笔记、诗话、文集、方志等，在阅读时作了大量笔记，纠正了前人的错误，遂将一本普及读物编写成了学术价值甚高的宋诗选本。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1972</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，钱钟书夫妇从河南</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">干校返京，开始偷着写《管锥编》，这部洋洋百万言的学术宏著，主要资料来源就是钱钟书写下的五大麻袋读书笔记，这些素材是他多年读书心血的积累，整理成书稿又费时三年，自然还是用札记形式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1979</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年此书一出版，便轰动了学术界，此后一版再版，成了学者们书架上的必备书。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">俗话说：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">好脑子不如烂笔头</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，此言不差。熟悉钱钟书的学者都认为，钱的记忆力是惊人，几十年前读过的东西还能记住，在现代中国学者中，除了史学大师陈寅恪外，没有第二人能与他相比，外国学者说他的记亿是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">照相机式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的记忆。即便如此，从某种意义上说，读书笔记是钱锺书攀上学术高峰的重要阶梯。钱钟书先生尚且如此，对于记忆力一般的人来说，读书作笔记就更为必要了。</SPAN>